2024

2024

  • Record 433 of

    Title:Optimal design of a gravitational wave telescope system for the suppression of stray light
    Author(s):Liang, Rong(1,2); Zhou, Xiaojun(1); Xu, Huangrong(1); Wu, Dengshan(1); Li, Chenxi(1); Yu, Weixing(1,2)
    Source: Applied Optics  Volume: 63  Issue: 8  DOI: 10.1364/AO.502610  Published: March 10, 2024  
    Abstract:For gravitational wave detection, the telescope is required to have an ultra-low wavefront error and ultra-high signal-to-noise ratio, where the power of the stray light should be controlled on the order of less than 10-10. In this work, we propose an alternative stray light suppression method for the optical design of an off-axis telescope with four mirrors by carefully considering the optimal optical paths. The method includes three steps. First, in the period of the optical design, the stray light caused by the tertiary mirror and the quaternary mirror is suppressed by increasing the angle formed by the optical axes of the tertiary mirror and the quaternary mirror and reducing the radius of curvature of the quaternary mirror as much as possible to make sure the optical system provides a beam quality with a wavefront error less than λ/80. Next, the stray light could satisfy the requirement of the order of 10-10 when the level of roughness reaches 0.2 nm, and the pollution of mirrors is controlled at the level of CL100. Finally, traditional stray light suppression methods should also be applied to mechanics, including the use of the optical barrier, baffle tube, and black paint. It can be seen that the field stop can efficiently reduce stray light caused by the secondary mirror by more than 55% in the full field of view. The baffle tube mounted on the position of the exit pupil can reduce the overall stray light energy by 5%, and the difference between the ideal absorber (absorption coefficient is 100%) and the actual black paint (absorption coefficient is 90%) is 3.2%. These simulation results are confirmed by theMonte Carlo method for a stray light analysis. Based on the above results, one can conclude that the geometry structure of the optical design, the quality of mirrors, and the light barrier can greatly improve the stray light suppression ability of the optical system, which is vital when developing a gravitational wave telescope with ultra-lowstray light energy. © 2024 Optica Publishing Group.
    Accession Number: 20241215786774
  • Record 434 of

    Title:Laser-guided anisotropic etching for precision machining of micro-engineered glass components
    Author(s):Li, Jun(1); Zhong, Shuai(1); Huang, Jiaxu(1); Qiu, Pei(1); Wang, Pu(1,2); Li, Hui(1); Qin, Chu(3); Miao, Duo(1); Xu, Shaolin(1)
    Source: International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture  Volume: 198  Issue:   DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2024.104152  Published: May 2024  
    Abstract:Micro-engineered glass components play a vital role in various domains, but their full potential remains untapped due to the lack of easily accessible high-precision machining methods for customizable microstructure. Our discovery of a new phenomenon, where laser-modified regions break the rule of inherently isotropic glass etching and regulate a directional anisotropic etching along modified tracks, has led to the development of a laser-guided anisotropic etching (LGAE) method. This method enables crafting precision glass microstructures with sharp features, smooth surfaces, and adjustable shapes and sizes. An ultrafast Bessel beam is utilized to create high aspect-ratio line-shaped modification within the glass. With a higher etching rate than pristine glass, the modified line guides directional anisotropic etching along the modified track, facilitating the formation of a V-shape with an angle altered by the etching ratio. These modified lines can further serve as basic building blocks to interconnect to construct a 3D internal modification region and then guide the glass's overall surface morphology etching evolution, enabling the creation of microstructures featuring designable shapes and adjustable feature sizes. To accurately predict and control the shape of the microstructures, we establish a finite difference etching model that incorporates localized etching rate regulation, validating the robustness and controllability of LGAE. This scalable method has successfully fabricated a 50 μm period micro-pyramid array with high uniformity over a centimeter-scale area, demonstrating its suitability for large-scale manufacturing. The showcased micro-engineered glass components encompass V-groove arrays for fiber alignment, blazed gratings for light modulation, and microchannels with customized trajectories for microfluidic chips. These advancements driven by LGAE can significantly contribute to the progress of glass-based research and industries. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
    Accession Number: 20241515905919
  • Record 435 of

    Title:Analysis and simulation of the effect of large optical range difference of common path coherent-dispersion spectrometer on the detection of exoplanet radial velocities
    Author(s):Guan, Shouxin(1,2); Liu, Bin(1,2); Chen, Shasha(1); Wu, Yinhua(3); Wang, Feicheng(1,2); Wang, Shaofei(6); Liu, Xuebin(1); Wei, Ruyi(4,5,6)
    Source: Optics Communications  Volume: 561  Issue:   DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2024.130443  Published: June 15, 2024  
    Abstract:The Exoplanet Explorer common-path coherent-dispersion spectrometer (CODES) utilizes a unique combination of an asymmetric common path Sagnac interferometer and a low to medium resolution spectrometer. The ideal optical range difference (OPD) interval for CODES is OPD ∈ {15.06 mm, 19.45 mm}; however, the OPD of CODES is 64.3 mm to achieve better detection accuracy. Though they will increase the accuracy of detection, large OPDs outside of the ideal interval will also reduce the contrast of the interference fringes, making phase changes more hazy. This may also significantly affect the radial velocity inversion and reduce CODES's instrumental accuracy. This study creates an inverse tone mapping operator based on the photographic model and designs an inverse tone mapping algorithm called CODESCE. The outcomes of the experiments demonstrate that the tone mapping algorithm CODESCE in this work is appropriate for enhancing the contrast of interference fringe images with high OPD, and it can enhance the contrast of interference fringes by three orders of magnitude when OPD = 64.3 mm; the processed interference fringes are located in the range of interference fringe curves of the optimal OPD. By comparison with other current approaches, the suggested algorithm yields superior processing outcomes. © 2024
    Accession Number: 20241415840369
  • Record 436 of

    Title:Performance improvement of a discrete dynode electron multiplication system through the optimization of secondary electron emitter and the adoption of double-grid dynode structure
    Author(s):Liu, Biye(1,2); Li, Jie(1); Chen, Song(3); Yang, Jishi(1); Hu, Wenbo(1); Tian, Jinshou(4); Wu, Shengli(1)
    Source: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment  Volume: 1062  Issue:   DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2024.169162  Published: May 2024  
    Abstract:The discrete dynode electron multiplication system (DD-EMS) is the core part of commonly used photomultiplier tubes and electron multipliers, and it has a great influence on the signal amplification capability of these devices. In this work, the sputtering time of Mg target during the deposition of the surface MgO layer of the MgO/(MgO–Au)/Au multilayer film as the secondary electron emitter was optimized, and the strategy of double-grid structures applied at the 7th and 8th dynodes was proposed with the intention of improving the gain and stability of nine-stage DD-EMS under electron bombardment to satisfy the requirements of detecting the single photon or single charged particle. The investigation results show that the DD-EMS fabricated by using the MgO/(MgO–Au)/Au film with a Mg target's sputtering time of 3600 s has the highest maximal gain of 1.22 × 106 and the lowest gain attenuation rate of 15.7%/mC under electron bombardment. In addition, the DD-EMS with the double-grid structure has a higher maximal gain of 1.62 × 106 and a lower gain attenuation rate of 11.6%/mC under continuous electron bombardment, which are 32.8% increased and 17.7% reduced respectively in comparison with that of the single-grid structure. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
    Accession Number: 20240815578823
  • Record 437 of

    Title:Design and fabrication of a tellurite hollow-core anti-resonant fiber for mid-infrared applications
    Author(s):Zhu, Jun(1,2); Feng, Shaohua(1,2); Liu, Chengzhen(1,2); Cai, Liyang(1,2); Xu, Yantao(1,2); Xiao, Xusheng(1,2); Guo, Haitao(1,2,3)
    Source: Optics Express  Volume: 32  Issue: 8  DOI: 10.1364/OE.519034  Published: April 8, 2024  
    Abstract:The hollow core anti-resonant fibers (HC-ARFs) based on soft glass are in high demand for 3-6 µm laser delivery. A HC-ARF based on tellurite glass with 6 touching capillaries as cladding was designed and fabricated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. A relatively low loss of 3.75 dB/m at 4.45 µm was realized in it. The effects of capillary number, core diameter, wall thickness of capillary, and material absorption loss on the loss of the HC-ARF were analyzed by the numerically simulation. The output beam quality was measured and the influence of bending on the fiber loss was discussed. The results of numerical simulation suggested that the theoretical loss of the prepared fiber can be reduced to 0.1 dB/m, indicating that tellurite HC-ARFs have great potential for mid-infrared laser applications. © 2024 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.
    Accession Number: 20241615913638
  • Record 438 of

    Title:Multi-Aperture Joint-Encoding Fourier Ptychography for a Distributed System
    Author(s):Wang, Tianyu(1,2); Xiang, Meng(1,2,3); Liu, Fei(2); Liu, Jinpeng(1,2,3); Dong, Xue(1,2,4); Wang, Sen(1,2); Li, Gang(5); Shao, Xiaopeng(1,2)
    Source: Remote Sensing  Volume: 16  Issue: 6  DOI: 10.3390/rs16061017  Published: March 2024  
    Abstract:High-resolution infrared remote sensing imaging is critical in planetary exploration, especially under demanding engineering conditions. However, due to diffraction, the spatial resolution of conventional methods is relatively low, and the spatial bandwidth product limits imaging systems’ design. Extensive research has been conducted with the aim of enhancing spatial resolution in remote sensing using a multi-aperture structure, but obtaining high-precision co-phase results using a sub-aperture remains challenging. A new high-resolution imaging method utilizing multi-aperture joint-encoding Fourier ptychography (JEFP) is proposed as a practical means to achieve super-resolution infrared imaging using distributed platforms. We demonstrated that the JEFP approach achieves pixel super-resolution with high efficiency, without requiring subsystems to perform mechanical scanning in space or to have high position accuracy. Our JEFP approach extends the application scope of Fourier ptychographic imaging, especially in distributed platforms for planetary exploration applications. © 2024 by the authors.
    Accession Number: 20241515862188
  • Record 439 of

    Title:An innovative 16-bit projection display based on quaternary hybrid light modulation
    Author(s):Pan, Yue(1,2); Cao, Yajie(1); Xu, Liang(3); Hu, Motong(1); Jiang, Qing(4); Li, Shuqin(4); Lu, Xiaowei(1)
    Source: Optics and Lasers in Engineering  Volume: 178  Issue:   DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108171  Published: July 2024  
    Abstract:Conventional spatial light modulators (SLM) can only be used for projecting 8-bit or 10-bit images at normal frame rate. Therefore, commercial high dynamic range (HDR) displays typically focus on boosting the contrast while neglecting to raise the bit-depth. Existing methods for high bit-depth display generally rely on stacking two SLMs to modulate the outgoing beam twice, namely multiplicative modulation, resulting in many troubles such as low optical efficiency, difficulty in pixel-level alignment, and complex image rendering algorithm. In this paper, an innovative quaternary hybrid light modulation (QHLM) based projection display is proposed and realized. By illuminating two parallel digital micro-mirror devices (DMDs) with different light intensities, the quaternary digit-planes (QDs) with four gray levels are able to be modulated rapidly. Aiming at this ability, the quaternary pulse width modulation (QPWM) is incorporated with the quaternary light-intensity modulation (QLM) to fundamentally improve the modulation efficiency compared to the binary light modulation mode. Furthermore, the quaternary digit-plane decomposition (QDD) based image splitting algorithm is adopted to split a high bit-depth image into two images that drive two DMDs respectively. The prototype is designed and built to verify the feasibility of the QHLM based projection display. The experimental results demonstrate that the prototype can project 16-bit images at 220 fps. Through additive modulation of two DMDs in parallel, the QHLM entirely avoids the drawbacks of multiplicative modulation. As a completely different technology, the QHLM has a great potential for HDR projection applications. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
    Accession Number: 20241215789270
  • Record 440 of

    Title:Effects of Black Silicon Surface Morphology Induced by Femtosecond Laser on Absorption and Photoelectric Response Efficiency
    Author(s):Zhang, Xiaomo(1,2); Li, Weinan(1,2); Jin, Chuan(1,2); Cao, Yi(1,2); Liu, Feng(4); Wei, Na(1,2); Wang, Bo(1,2); Zhou, Rundong(1,2); Zhu, Xiangping(1,2,3); Zhao, Wei(1,2)
    Source: SSRN  Volume:   Issue:   DOI:   Published: February 14, 2024  
    Abstract:In this study, black silicon was achieved by femtosecond laser etching the silicon wafer surface. Surface microstructures of black silicon were closely related to laser etching parameters such as energy density. Changing laser energy density. can significantly alter the shape of microstructures including the base radius ([[EQUATION]]) and height ([[EQUATION]]) of the parabolic cone. The relationship between the base radius ([[EQUATION]]) , height (h) and the reflection, transmission, and absorption of black silicon in the range of 260 nm to 1460 nm was simulated using the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD). The results indicated that [[EQUATION]] was directly proportional to the absorbances, while [[EQUATION]] presented an inverse proportion to the absorbances. And [[EQUATION]] ( represents the tape angle of the microstructure) demonstrated a direct proportionality to the average absorbances. With different etching energy density the characterization was performed on the surface morphology parameters, absorbance, and photoelectric response efficiency of black silicon. The results showed that the change in absorbance was positively correlated with [[EQUATION]], but the correlation between photoresponse efficiency and [[EQUATION]] was not obvious. Raman spectroscopy characterization revealed a positive correlation between the peak intensity change at the Si-I (520 [[EQUATION]]) and the photoelectric response efficiency. And the peak intensity at Si-I (520 [[EQUATION]]) decreaseed with increasing etching energy density, indicating the introduction of more lattice defects, which weakened the efficiency of charge carrier transport. This study revealed the influence mechanism on the absorbance and energy density of black silicon with small changes of microstructure, which can provide a valuable reference for further optimization of the energy density of black silicon. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.
    Accession Number: 20240076398
  • Record 441 of

    Title:Radiative Transfer Characteristics of the 1.27 um O2(a1Δg) Airglow in Limb-Viewing
    Author(s):Wang, Dao-Qi(1); Wang, Hou-Mao(2); He, Wei-Wei(1); Hu, Xiang-Rui(1); Li, Juan(3); Li, Fa-Quan(4); Wu, Kui-Jun(1)
    Source: Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi/Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis  Volume: 44  Issue: 4  DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2024)04-1088-10  Published: April 2024  
    Abstract:Because the 1.27 um O2(a1Δg)) airglow radiation has the advantages of strong radiation signal, large space span and weak self-absorption effect, it is an important target source for near-space atmospheric remote sensing. In addition, it has important scientific significance and application value, such as research on the dynamics and thermal characteristics of the middle and upper atmosphere, global greenhouse gas detection, and three-dimensional tomography of ozone concentration. Firstly, based on the photochemical model of O2(a1Δg), the generation and annihilation mechanisms of O2(a1Δg) airglow were studied. The volume emission rate profile of O2(a1DELg) airglow was calculated on this basis. Based on the spectral intensity and Einstein coefficients given by HITRAN, two methods for calculating the spectral distribution of O2(a1Δg) airglow were proposed. Using the latest molecular spectral parameters, photochemical reaction rate constant and F 10.7 solar ultraviolet flux, combined with the volume emission rate profile information of O2(a1Δg) airglow calculated by photochemical reaction model. The radiative transfer theoretical model of the 1. 27 um O2(a1Δg) airglow in limb-viewing was developed by using a line-by-line integration algorithm. The influence of the self-absorption effect on the spectral intensity of airglow radiation at different tangent heights is analyzed. Then, the O2(a1Δg) airglow radiation spectrum of the target layer is obtained by processing the airglow radiation of the O2 molecule near the infrared atmospheric band measured by scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric chartography (SCIAMACHY) under the limb-viewing by onion peeling algorithm. Spectral integration algorithm is used to retrieve the volume emission rate profile of O2(a1Δg)) airglow. Finally, the reliability and rationality of the radiative transfer theoretical model of the 1. 27 jim O2(a1Δg)) airglow in limb-viewing is verified by comparing the radiation spectrum and the volume emission rate profile obtained from the theoretical calculation and retrieval of the SCIAMACHY instrument. Regarding the comparison results, factors that contribute to the limb radiation intensity and volume emission rate of O2(a1Δg) airglow are analyzed. Analyses show that theoretical calculations agree with measured satellite results in the altitude region above 50 km. However, the deviation between the two increases gradually with the decrease of altitude because the satellite remote sensing in the middle and low altitude regions are seriously affected by the self-absorption effect and atmospheric scattering effect in limb-viewing. Additionally, compared with the spectral line intensity parameter given by the HITRAN database, the O2(a1Δg)) airglow limb radiation model based on Einstein coefficients is more consistent with the measured satellite results. Establishing the radiative transfer theoretical model of the 1. 27 um O2(a1Δg) airglow in limb-viewing provides a theoretical foundation for atmospheric remote sensing in near space. © 2024 Science Press. All rights reserved.
    Accession Number: 20241515862842
  • Record 442 of

    Title:A 85-Gb/s PAM-4 TIA With 2.2-mApp Maximum Linear Input Current in 28-nm CMOS
    Author(s):Ma, Shuaizhe(1); Yin, Zhenyu(1); Ran, Nianquan(1); Xia, Yifei(1); Yang, Ruixuan(1); Yu, Chuanhao(1); Xu, Songqin(1); Wang, Binhao(2); Qi, Nan(3); Zhang, Bing(1); Shi, Jingbo(4); Gui, Xiaoyan(1); Geng, Li(1); Li, Dan(1)
    Source: IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters  Volume: 7  Issue:   DOI: 10.1109/LSSC.2024.3351683  Published: 2024  
    Abstract:This letter presents a 100-Gb/s CMOS PAM-4 transimpedance amplifier (TIA) with multimilliampere maximum linear input current. A low-noise high-linearity TIA architecture is proposed, leveraging the reconfigurable front-end (FE) TIA and the continuous time linear equalizer (CTLE) synced at multiple gain modes. Implemented in a 28-nm CMOS technology, the TIA achieves bandwidth of more than 24 GHz with transimpedance gain of 65 dB Ω, while showing an acrlong IRN current density of 10.4 pA/ √ Hz. The maximum linear input current reaches 2.2 mApp and the total harmonic distortion (THD) is less than 3% for an output swing of 600 mVpp, diff. The chip consumes power of 56 mW from 1.4 and 1.1-V supply. © 2018 IEEE.
    Accession Number: 20240315388252
  • Record 443 of

    Title:Research of laser atmospheric propagation of large-aperture antenna measurement
    Author(s):Zhang, Xuan(1); Gao, Ming(1); Wang, Hu(1,2,3,4,5); Lin, Shangmin(2,3,4); Jin, Yu(2,3); Lai, Yunqiang(2,3); Lv, Hong(1); He, Wenlong(2,3)
    Source: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering  Volume: 13070  Issue:   DOI: 10.1117/12.3021213  Published: 2024  
    Abstract:Laser measurement technology is widely used in antenna main reflector and subreflector deformation or pose measurement. Based on the laser measurement technology, atmospheric turbulence caused by the atmospheric characteristics or the convergence effect of the antenna itself will affect the refractive index disturbance during laser propagation, which affects the accuracy of the laser measurement of the antenna deformation or pose. In order to solve the problem of laser atmospheric propagation deflection caused by atmospheric turbulence on the near-ground of a large-aperture antenna, firstly, this paper decomposes the laser atmospheric propagation path into multiple isotropic air layers, calculates the atmospheric refractive index of each air layer, obtains the atmospheric refractive index of the whole laser propagation path through curve fitting methods, and then assesses the laser deflection. Secondly, the turbulence intensity under sunny daytime and cloudy nighttime are evaluated, the laser spot position deviation is compared and analyzed, and the matching relationship among turbulence intensity, theoretical deviation of the laser spots, and actual spot deviation is obtained. Finally, the deflection of laser atmospheric propagation is fitted and calculated by measuring environmental data matched to the actual experimental data of the Nanshan 26m radio telescope antenna, which verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
    Accession Number: 20241315797460
  • Record 444 of

    Title:Circularly polarized RABBITT applied to a Rabi-cycling atom
    Author(s):Liao, Yijie(1); Olofsson, Edvin(2); Dahlström, Jan Marcus(2); Pi, Liang-Wen(3); Zhou, Yueming(1); Lu, Peixiang(1,4)
    Source: Physical Review A  Volume: 109  Issue: 4  DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.109.043104  Published: April 2024  
    Abstract:We utilize the reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBITT) technique to study the phase of a Rabi-cycling atom using circularly polarized extreme ultraviolet and infrared fields, where the infrared field induces Rabi oscillations between the 2s and 2p states of lithium. Autler-Townes splittings are observed in sidebands of the photoelectron spectra and the relative phases of outgoing electron wave packets are retrieved from the azimuthal angle. In this RABBITT scheme, more ionization pathways beyond the usual two-photon pathways are required. Our results show that the polar-angle-integrated and polar-angle-resolved RABBITT phases have different behaviors when the extreme ultraviolet and infrared fields have co- and counter-rotating circular polarizations, which are traced back to the different ionization channels according to the selection rules in these two cases and their competition relying on the propensity rule in laser-assisted photoionization. © 2024 American Physical Society.
    Accession Number: 20241515854295